Management Of Pressure Ulcers Among Chronic Care Patients Dissertation

The board Of Pressure Ulcers Among Chronic Care Patients - Dissertation Example Proceeded with pressure on one piece of the body may make these weight ulcers show; and with proceeded with disregard and with no clinical or potentially nursing mediation, these weight ulcers can advance to their increasingly genuine stages. With sufficient and fitting nursing the executives, these weight ulcers can anyway be forestalled and rewarded. This paper will talk about the different nursing the executives strategies for pressure ulcers among the grown-up constant consideration patients. This paper will consider the hazard factors for pressure ulcers and the various phases of the movement of this clinical issue. It will examine the particular nursing the executives estimates which can be applied so as to forestall the appearance and the movement of weight ulcers among grown-up interminable consideration patients. This paper is being completed so as to set up away from in the administration of weight ulcers. This subject was picked as a result of this student’s current inclusion with grown-up care practice, with much consideration given to incessant consideration patients and the various issues they experience as long haul patients. Much consideration should be offered again to incessant consideration on the grounds that these are areas of nursing practice which regularly requires the most hours spent by medical attendants. Weight ulcers in this paper will be characterized as â€Å"a injury brought about by unrelieved weight with harm to the fundamental tissue† (Mauk, 2009, p. 501). Grown-up constant consideration patients will allude to grown-up patients, matured 18 years or more experiencing interminable conditions (delayed timeframe). These ceaseless conditions are ailments or ailments which regularly endure for delayed periods; they incorporate conditions like loss of motion, break, unconsciousness, malignant growth, osteoarthritis, and spinal injury. With these contemplations, this paper intends to build up the various techniques for overseeing pressure ulcers among older incessant consideration patients. In particular, it will talk about the various methods of forestalling the presence of weight ulcers among patients in danger for pressure ulcers. An audit of studies according to the ebb and flow theme will be attempted in various databases including the library inventories, research files, the web, and comparable databases, for example, Medline, CINAHL, and the Royal College of Nursing. Library look will be done by utilizing library inventories and search databases. Books and diaries, just as news stories will be investigated with specific spotlight on the watchwords: nursing the board and weight ulcers. Web look will incorporate database look through utilizing watchwords nursing the board and weight ulcers, pressure wounds, and decubitus ulcers. Applicable materials will be saved for additional consideration. Materials which will be remembered for this survey will be examines distributed from January 2000 to January 2011. Those which examine the nursing the executives of weight ulcers or wounds will be considered for this examination. The believability of these creators just as their distributers will likewise be looked into. Those which talk about weight ulcers among the old will likewise be remembered for this paper. These boundaries will help give incorporation m easures to this examination. Fundamental body Pressure ulcers are not kidding clinical issues including defenseless patients. As per the Ministry of Health or MOH (2001, p. 6), occurrences of weight ulcer register at a pace of 5% to 16% among in-patients. It is accordingly imperative to forestall this condition so as to maintain a strategic distance from its declining and movement into more profound skin layers. These weight ulcers are surveyed and portrayed at various stages. For

Comparison paper between A Rose for Emilyby William Fulkner, and Research

Correlation between A Rose for Emilyby William Fulkner, and BattleRoyal by Ralph Ellison - Research Paper Example The setting of the story is in Faulkners fanciful city, Jefferson, in his nonexistent district of Yoknapatawpha in Mississippi. The story is about a bizarre old maid, Emily Grierson, the unknown storyteller gives the points of interest the odd conditions of Emily’s living and her unusual associations with her sweetheart, her dad and the town of Jefferson. The storyteller likewise subtleties the unpleasant mystery Emily avoids the world. In few pages, A Rose for Emily, spread around seventy five percent of a century; from the introduction of Emily Grierson which happens at some point pretty much the Civil War, while her demise happens at some point in the mid 1930s. The Reconstruction following the Civil War had a profound and lowering result on Southern culture. The South’s dated rural home economy, focused for such a long time upon slave work, was overpowered by liberation. Northern financial specialists, perceived as ‘‘carpet-baggers,’’ came in huge numbers to benefit from the monetary disorder. Various Southern top class individuals ended up utilized on the homesteads along with sharecroppers and prior slaves. Faulkner happened to originate from a family that once had a ranch (Marie  ¶ 4). The past of his family in addition to that of the South as a rule was totally upset by the remaking after the common war. As per Royden (372), from the way that Faulkner originates from a family foundation with a highborn disposition and connected with other practically identical families, he was speaked with the presumption of practices like the Griersons where Rose originated from. Some of these individuals continued to go about as though they were as yet blessed estate proprietors despite the fact that their riches had vanished. In any case, Faulkner spent a lot of his time looking at common townspeople as well and this gives the motivation behind why he was equipped for catching the voice of the customary individuals of

Formula for Ammonium Hydroxide

Recipe for Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium hydroxide is the name given to any watery (water-based) arrangement of alkali. In unadulterated structure, it is an unmistakable fluid that smells unequivocally of alkali. Family unit alkali as a rule is 5-10% ammonium hydroxide arrangement. Different names for ammonium hydroxide are: Smelling salts (e.g., family alkali) [versus anhydrous ammonia]Aqueous ammoniaAmmonia solutionAmmonia waterAmmonia liquorAmmonical liquorSpirit of Hartshorn Synthetic Formula of Ammonium Hydroxide The synthetic equation of ammonium hydroxide is NH4OH, yet by and by, smelling salts deprotonates a portion of the water, so the species found in arrangement are a blend of NH3, NH4,, and OHâˆ' in water. Ammonium Hydroxide Uses Family smelling salts, which is ammonium hydroxide, is a typical more clean. Its likewise utilized as a disinfectant, food raising specialist, to reward straw for steers feed, to improve tobacco flavor, to cycle an aquarium without fish, and as a compound antecedent for hexamethylenetetramine and ethylenediamine. In the science lab, it is utilized for subjective inorganic investigation and to break down silver oxide. Centralization of Saturated Solution Its significant for scientists to understand the convergence of a soaked ammonium hydroxide arrangement diminishes as temperature increments. In the event that a soaked arrangement of ammonium hydroxide is set up at a cool temperature and the fixed holder is warmed, the centralization of the arrangement diminishes and smelling salts gas can develop in the compartment, possibly driving it to burst. At the very least, unlocking the warm holder discharges poisonous alkali fumes. Wellbeing Smelling salts in any structure is poisonous, regardless of whether it is breathed in, consumed through the skin, or ingested. Like most different bases, its likewise destructive, which implies it can consume skin or harm mucous films, for example, eyes and the nasal pit. Its likewise essential to avoid blending smelling salts in with other family unit synthetic concoctions since they may respond to discharge extra poisonous exhaust.

Roles of a Supervisor in Virtual Organization Essay

Jobs of a Supervisor in Virtual Organization - Essay Example The article Jobs of a Supervisor in Virtual Organization discusses the administration part of the virtual associations by breaking down the advantages and drawbacks of the virtual associations. Administrative jobs in virtual associations require the formation of world-class frameworks of figuring out how to upgrade the creative seriousness of the association to coordinate world-class norms. Bosses for virtual administration require exhaustive preparing and experience to have the option to oversee and arrange the different exercises of the virtual associations. Assistance of execution is one of my key job as a virtual administrator. As an administrator, I will support execution by empowering representatives in their virtual working environments to work more enthusiastically while simultaneously evacuating snags to effective execution. A portion of the remarkable deterrents that I will focus on to expel incorporate out of date innovation, delays in the transmission of basic data and wasteful work plan. Acknowledgment of the issues, investigation of the causes, and recognizable proof of the arrangements prior can assist with separating among progress and disappointment of the virtual work group. In this way, as a manager, I will set up legitimate instruments to address the previously mentioned issues by utilizing correspondence the fitting apparatus. Through correspondence, I will reinforce the part recognizable proof by furnishing individuals from the virtual association with the chance of making and sharing their changed perspectives on the characterizing highlights of the association.

pitch perception :: essays research papers

page References Baharloo, S., Johnston, P. A., Service, S. K., Gitshcier, J., Freimer, N. B. (1998). Supreme pitch: A methodology for distinguishing proof of hereditary and nongenetic segments. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 224-231. Recovered 11/16/2004. Deutsch, D. (1985). Dichotic tuning in to melodic examples and its relationship to hemispheric specialization of capacity. Music Perception, 3, (2), 127-154. Gregersen, P.K. (1998). Moment acknowledgment: The gentics of pitch recognition. American Journal of Human Genetics, 62, 221-223. Recovered 11/16/2004. Heaton, P., Hermelin, B., Pring, L. (1998). Chemical imbalance and pitch handling: a forerunner for intellectual melodic capacity? Music Perception, 15, (3), 291-305. Lenhoff, H., M., Perales, O., Hickok, G. (2001). Total contribute Williams condition. Music recognition, 18, (4), 491-503. Levitin, D., J., Bellugi, U. (1998). Melodic capacities in people with Williams Condition, Music Perception, 15, (4), 357-389. Pechstedt, P., H., Kershner, J., Kinsbourne, M. (1989). Melodic Training improves handling of tonality in the left half of the globe. Music Perception, 6, (3), 275-298. Simpson, J., Huron, D. (1994). Outright pitch as a scholarly wonder: Evidence predictable with the Hick-Hyman law. Music Perception, 12, (2), 267-270. Sloboda, J. A. (1985). A remarkable music memory. Music Perception, 3, (2), 155- 170. Nature or Nurture: The inceptions of pitch Perception For the vast majority of us, brisk and precise view of the visual world is fundamental for getting around throughout everyday life; we underestimate our moment acknowledgment of shading, shape, separation, and the physical connections between objects. Numerous parts of the sound-related world are likewise caught in an easy way: an evening time whistle is effortlessly recognized as a far off train, with no consideration. Be that as it may, distinguishing the pitch of a segregated whistle is past the capacities of the vast majority. This is additionally the situation for most artists, regardless of the way that they go through consistently working with regards to a normalized arrangement of pitch connections. Those uncommon people who can immediately perceive the pitch of an irregular piano tone or passing vehicle horn, without the utilization of a reference pitch, have a subjective capacity that is named "absolute pitch." The scope of helpful melodic pitches is 20-5,000 Hz, which is, generally the scope of a piano console Pitch is a one-dimensional trait characterized by the quantity of vibrations, every second, radiating from a sound source, for example, a culled string The fringe sound-related organs are planned explicitly for recurrence investigation. The cochlear basilar layer vibrates, at each point along its length, with an ideal full recurrence. The way that all people rush to welcome the distinctions in timbre between instruments outlines the outrageous affectability of this organ to complex recurrence spectra.

How Long Does Fentanyl Stay in Your System

How Long Does Fentanyl Stay in Your System Addiction Drug Use Opioids Print How Long Does Fentanyl Stay in Your System? Fentanyl in Your Blood, Urine, Hair By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on December 13, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 08, 2020 Verywell / Cindy Chung More in Addiction Drug Use Opioids Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid analgesic. Brand names for oral applications of fentanyl include Abstral, Actiq, Fentora, and Onsolis, which are lozenges, films, and tablets. Fentanyl transdermal patches include brand names Duragesic and Ionsys. Fentanyl is a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, meaning that it has accepted medical use and a high potential for addiction. Fentanyl is 50 to 100 times more potent than morphine. If you arent sure how much you are taking, it can be very easy to overdose. The average lethal dose of fentanyl is only 2mg. New fentanyl analogs that are more potent than fentanyl have also been found in use. While fentanyl is not tested for on standard drug tests, it is tested for by specific employers. In 2017, 28,400 people died from overdoses involving synthetic opioids other than methadone, according to the CDC.?? The CDC goes on to cite the National Center for Health Statistics, stating that 29% of all drug overdose deaths in 2016 mentioned fentanyl, a 1045% increase from 2012. How Long Does Fentanyl Stay in Your System? Blood: Up to 2 daysUrine: Up to 3 daysHair: Up to 3 months How Long Does It Take to Feel Effects? Fentanyl is prescribed to opioid-tolerant pain patients as a lozenge or in the form of a transdermal patch, sometimes sold under the brand name Duragesic. The effects of fentanyl may include:?? Relief from painEuphoriaNauseaReduced sex driveShallow breathing The lozenge takes effect within a few hours. With the patch, it can take anywhere from a few hours to a full day to start feeling the effects. Do not apply extra patches if you feel it is not effective right away. How Long Does Fentanyl Last? A 100 microgram patch delivers 100 micrograms of fentanyl per hour, containing 168 hours worth of fentanyl. Fentanyl is mainly broken down in the liver into norfentanyl, with some of both substances broken down by the kidneys. According to one study, norfentanyl can be detected for up to four days after last use.?? Fentanyl can be detected using urine, hair, and blood tests. Drug tests commonly used to detect fentanyl typically employ mass spectrometry, which is also used to test the contents of drug samples by drug checking services. Blood Fentanyl can show up on a blood test between five and 48 hours after the last use. Urine You can test positive for fentanyl on a urine test between one and three days after the last time you used it. This is the most common test used by an employer. Hair Hair tests are less commonly used by employers but can detect fentanyl for up to three months after the last use. False Positive Testing The presence of Benadryl (diphenhydramine) can trigger a false positive for fentanyl. Let your testing agency know if you have recently taken Benadryl if they are going to be testing you for opiates. If you have been prescribed fentanyl and have to take a urine drug screen, it is also wise to disclose this to the testing lab.   Factors That Affect Detection Time While none of these factors substantially impact how long a person has to stop using before a drug test in order to test negative, how long fentanyl is present in the body depends on several factors. Dose The more fentanyl in the body, the longer it will take to fully be eliminated from the body.?? Metabolism Impaired renal or liver function will lead to slower metabolism of fentanyl. Source of Pain Patients taking fentanyl to help manage pain for severe burns may experience faster clearance of the drug than others as a result of increased cardiac output and hepatic blood flow, according to a 2017 study.?? Localization of the Patch Differences in thickness of the skin and subcutaneous fat in various places on the body mean that the rate of absorption of fentanyl is different depending on where the patch is placed. A patch applied to the legs will absorb less efficiently than on the arms, which means the elimination of the drug will also be slower. How to Get Fentanyl Out of Your System Drinking lots of water, exercising, and other elimination myths will not help you get fentanyl or other opiates out of your system to beat a drug test. The only way to get fentanyl out of your system is to stop taking the drug and allow your body time to metabolize and eliminate it.?? If you want to get fentanyl out of your system because you feel you have taken too much and you do not want to be at risk for a respiratory arrest, seek medical attention immediately. While naloxone will not actually remove fentanyl from your system, administering it will block the opiate receptors in the body, causing you to go into withdrawal. This is unpleasant but definitely preferable to an overdose. Symptoms of Overdose Fentanyl can have dangerous cross-reactions with Xanax, Klonopin, Ativan, and alcohol, which amplify the depressing effects on the central nervous system. The following are symptoms of an overdose from an opiate such as fentanyl:?? Fingernails and lips turn blue or purplish blackPulse (heartbeat) is slow, erratic, or not there at allNon-responsive to outside stimulusAwake, without the ability to speakLoss of consciousnessVery slow, shallow, erratic, or stopped breathingThe skin of darker-skinned people looks grayish or ashen and the skin tone of lighter-skinned people looks bluish purpleVomitingMaking a snore-like gurgling noise or death rattle, choking soundsBody is limpFace is pale or clammy Understanding Opioid Overdoses An overdose emergency should be treated immediately with naloxone. Naloxone is available in many pharmacies and from your local health department. If many people in your area are using opiates or drugs purchased illegally that may have been mixed with fentanyl, it is a good idea to carry naloxone. You could save a life. Fentanyl is so potent it is highly recommended to not deviate from your prescribed dose, as even a slightly greater amount can dramatically amplify the effects and increase the risk of overdose.?? How to Help Someone If They Overdose on Opioids Getting Help Fentanyl carries a high risk of dependence, even when taken as prescribed. If you suddenly stop taking fentanyl, you may experience opioid withdrawal symptoms, such as anxiety, muscle aches and pain, excessive sweating, and insomnia. Withdrawal can begin six to 30 hours after your last dose and last for up to 10 days. If want to stop taking fentanyl, consult your doctor. When transitioning off of opioids like fentanyl, your doctor may prescribe other medications to ease withdrawal symptoms and prevent breakthrough pain. Opioid addiction may also be treated with other drugs that help shorten and alleviate symptoms of withdrawal. Treatment options for opiate use disorder include:?? Medication-assisted treatment (MAT) with buprenorphine or methadoneHarm reduction psychotherapyPrograms designed to help get you off of opiates in a sustainable way If you have chronic pain and are worried about stopping the medication, your health provider can work with you to get access to pain-relief that is less of a problem for your substance use disorder.?? If you are not in a position to stop using or to get into a treatment program, make sure to employ harm reduction methods:?? Dont take more than your prescribed dose.Pursue a safe supply. Always use a prescription rather than purchasing a substance of unknown purity.Seek out a safe space to use where you can be supervised by a professional.Let a loved one who carries and knows how to use naloxone know that you are going to be using. Dependence on fentanyl or other opiates is not a cause for shame. Tell someone you trust and seek support. Treatment for Opioid Addiction

Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning - Free Essay Example

Andragogy and Self Directed Learning March 10, 2008 Adult Education and Learning: Principles and Practice Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning: Pillars of Adult Learning Theory Candys written statement (1991, p. 309) which reads â€Å"since a learners autonomy is likely to vary from situation to situation, educators should not assume that because a person has been self-directed in one situation, he or she will be able to succeed in a new area: Orientation, support and guidance may all be required in the first stages of a learning project†, was a highlight for me. As I read through this article it seems as though to much emphasis was being placed on who was right and who was wrong about their theory. In all actuality theories are evolutionary just as learners in adult education are; therefore, all of the theories were probably applicable during the time in which it was established, for the most part. Now Candy comes along and writes this statement in which I agree with, whol eheartedly. I do so, because I can think of instances were I prefer to be a self-directed learned, but thats only when I want to know something miscellaneous; however, primarily, by nature, I am a dependent learner with a concrete sequential learning style. I need explicit directions before feeling comfortable with going forth with a task. To me self-directed learning puts me in the mindset of on line courses, in which, I would never subject myself to, unless it was absolutely necessary. I need the teacher directed, concrete experience of being in a classroom and learning from discussion, feedback and interpretation, something that I just do not feel I would get from and on line course per se. Insight for me is the mere fact that the methodology behind teaching adult learners is so widely debated. I never actually took the time to think about how someone should educate me as an adult. However, now that I am an adult learner, I am extremely thankful that someone did take the time to develop theories on how adult learner should learn. And I am even more elated because they are all closely knit which gives me confidence in the fact that the general picture is effective. I feel challenged to keep up with the latest research on theories behind adult education to see if modern day theorist are relating their theories to the â€Å"fathers and grandfathers† of adult education. As I venture out into the world as an adult educator, I will incorporate different practices and theories and note which ones were most effective and for what type of learner. Bibliography Candy, P. C. Self-Direction for Lifelong Learning. San Fransico:Josey-Bass, 1991 Merriam, S. B. (2001) Andragogy and self-directed learning: pillars of adult learning theory. New Directions for Adult and Continuing Education, 89,3-13.

Rob Parson Case Study - 1733 Words

Management of People at Work Rob Parson Case Study 1 Case Overview The internal environment at Morgan Stanley was one of teamwork, employee development, dignity and respect. Morgan Stanley had developed a way of building consensus rather that individualism. Rob Parson was thrust into this environment – not sure of what was expected of him and with only one objective in mind – improving the performance of the Capital Markets division. He went about doing this ruthlessly without much care about the organization and its existing practices. While his performance was stellar, he developed a hostile environment around him. On joining there was a tacit agreement with him and his boss that he would be given the position of Managing Director,†¦show more content†¦This effort should result in a performance which displays Parson as a better team player. The outcome of this scenario is that Parson’s sub-ordinates respect him more; their willingness to work under him and therefore their productivity increases. The next step is to de termine Parson’s perception of the expected outcomes and results from his actions. We have reason enough to believe that Rob Parson does not understand the Effort to Performance Expectancy (refer to diagram) since he says that â€Å"he has done his absolute best and tempered himself as much as he can while carrying out his job†. We do know however that he understands the Performance to Outcome Expectancy (refer to diagram) since both Gary Stuart and Paul Nasr have made it amply clear to him that the feedback from his peers and sub-ordinates suggests that his inter-personal skills must improve. Finally, how important is the outcome - having satisfied subordinates to Rob Parson? It appears that it does not have a high valence for him since he clearly specifies that he wishes to be â€Å"in a client capacity...away from day to day administrative duties†. We therefore need to focus on improving his Effort to Performance Expectancy and Valence. 4.1 Improving Effort to Performance Expectancy In order to make Rob commit himself more to being a team player we use the determinant of commitment – publicity as has been putShow MoreRelatedRob Parson Management Case Study Essay1712 Words   |  7 PagesRob Parson Management Case Study 1 Case Overview The internal environment at Morgan Stanley was one of teamwork, employee development, dignity and respect. Morgan Stanley had developed a way of building consensus rather that individualism. Rob Parson was thrust into this environment – not sure of what was expected of him and with only one objective in mind – improving the performance of the Capital Markets division. He went about doing this ruthlessly without much care about the organizationRead MoreCase Study: Rob Parson at Morgan Stanley1351 Words   |  6 Pagesenergetic, aggressive and employees who are not afraid to pursuit customers and develop a long term relationship with them. With clearly set attributes for the job position, he recruited Rob Parsons, a young baker that already worked for him in the commercial bank. He was positioned as market coverage professional. Parsons even with his two years of experience had already developed a strong relationship with some very important players inside the banking an d insurance industries, and surely was not lackingRead MoreSwot Analysis : Rob Parson At Morgan Stanley1282 Words   |  6 PagesRob Parson at Morgan Stanley (A) Case Study Analysis Introduction The case study I chose for this week’s analysis looks at the challenges faced by Paul Nasr who is a senior managing director in Capital Market Services at Morgan Stanley. The challenges focus on the strengths and weaknesses of a Rob Parson as an effective employee in his current position as well as being suitable for promotion. Nasr and Parson had a previous working relationship and shortly after Nasr began at Morgan Stanley, he offeredRead MoreHarley Davidson Industry Analysis Essay examples7030 Words   |  29 PagesCase 2 Industry Analysis Harley Davidson/ Heavy Weight Motorcycle Industry Table of Contents Mission †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...3 SWOT Analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..3-7 Sustainable Competitive Advantage †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...7-8 Issues and Problems †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8-9 Strategic Recommendation †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.9-13 Fallout †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 13-15 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..15 Appendix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 RefrencesRead MoreSocial Structure of the Society6264 Words   |  26 Pagesas functional interdependence of elements constituting the carcass of an object. The society has social structure. The concept of social structure was pioneered by G. Simmel, then developed by K. Marx, E. Durkheim but became most known due to T. Parsons who created structural functionalism. There are various approaches to studying social structure of the society but they didn’t avoid influence of structural functionalism in any way. Due to the functionalist perspective, social structure is theRead MoreRise of the English Novel5132 Words   |  21 Pageswas the one of first novelists to write a historical novel. One of his initial historical works was Waverley, written in 1814, which described the journey of a young English soldier who is sent to Scotland and away from his aristocratic upbringing. Rob Roy, written in 1818 was another one of Scott’s first historical novels. Another Romantic novelist, Victor Hugo, composed The Hunchback of Notre Dame in 1831, a tale of unrequited love and betrayal. This novel may have influenced the creation of theRead MoreDoes the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals - Rational Choice, Self-Control and Crime.Pdf14337 Words   |  58 Pagesrelationship between criminal propensity, perceived risks and costs of punishment, and criminal behavior. The authors analyzed data from the Dunedin (New Zealand) Study, a longitudinal study of individuals from birth through age 26 (N = 1,002). They found that in fact, deterrence perceptions had their greatest impact on criminally prone study members. Keywords: deterrence theory; criminal propensity Society controls its members by threatening punishments, both formal, such as arrest and imprisonmentRead MoreStefan Thomke9089 Words   |  37 Pagesincrease so dramatically? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Professor Stefan Thomke and Research Associate Ashok Nimgade prepared this case. HBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion. Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of primary data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright  © 2002 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permissionRead MoreEbooks Solution Manuals and Test Banks for Text Books19223 Words   |  77 PagesHealth by Rebecca J. Donatelle, Emeritus,Patricia Ketcham 12 Instructor’s Manual Access to Health by Rebecca J. Donatelle, Emeritus,Patricia Ketcham 12 Test Bank Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies by Weirich, Pearson, Churyk 7 Cases Solutions Accounting and Auditing Research Tools and Strategies by Weirich, Pearson, Churyk 7 Solution Manual Accounting by Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve 24 Instructor’s Manual Accounting by Carl S. Warren, James M. Reeve 24 Test Bank AccountingRead MoreGarments Internship Report12057 Words   |  49 Pagesencounter and does not compromise violation of any human right and the fundamental compliance issues at work place. The management always prefer that it all activity in the interest of society, national community and company itself. Objective of the study 1.1. General objective: The general objective of this report is to express the practical experience by working in a company and to link the theoretical knowledge with its application in the real life situation. The report also aims at acquiring

Sympathy for Macbeth - 1715 Words

Do we have any sympathy for Macbeth at the end of the play? Our first impressions of Macbeth are that he is a hero, he is brave and fearless, and although we get this impression we also get the feeling that he is ruthless. We get this impression from the way he is referred to when his name is first mentioned. Macbeth has just been in battle against The merciless Macdonwald and a Captain is talking about how Macbeth and his fellow Captain, Banquo, performed in battle. While Macbeth is in battle the Thane of Cawdor is found to be a traitor and executed. The King, Duncan, hears of Macbeth s bravery and grants him the Thane s title. This leads us to believe that Macbeth is in no way a traitor and that he is brave enough to deserve such a†¦show more content†¦There s one did laugh in s sleep, and one cried Murder! Act 2 scene 2 line 20 After Duncan s murder Macbeth changes dramatically. He begins to speak in more sinister tones and doesn t seem to care about anything other than what he had done to Duncan; he wishes he could go back and change what he did. His attitude changes towards Lady Macbeth and anyone else he talks to. He starts to prophesise his own death and he begins to blame Lady Macbeth. He becomes cunning in his lying towards others, mainly towards Banquo and himself although he does hint towards his guilt. shall sleep no more, Macbeth shall sleep no more Act 2 scene 2 line 44 For ruin s wasteful entrance; there are the murderers, Steeped in the colours of their trade Act 2 scene 3 lines 111-112 Macbeth s lowest point is when he hires two murderers and becomes delusional and slightly insane. Macbeth hires the murderers to kill Banquo as he is the next step for Macbeth to become King. He now believes that if he has killed the King, he may as well kill Banquo and Fleance, his son, as nothing worse can happen. He believes this because he is now set on becoming King and nothing will stand in his way. Macbeth is losing sleep and is having nightmares and he has to hide his mental state so that he is not suspected byShow MoreRelated Sympathy for Lady Macbeth Essay958 Words   |  4 PagesSympathy for Lady Macbeth In this essay I am going to answer the question above and I will do this by saying whether or not I feel sympathy for lady Macbeth and I go through different parts in the play. After reading parts of the play and watching the video I don’t’ feel very much sympathy for lady Macbeth, although I do feel some sympathy for her in some parts in the play. Over all I think that lady Macbeth is a fiend as she says stuff that’s not very nice to make Macbeth do the things thatRead MoreSympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth Essay1833 Words   |  8 PagesSympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Macbeth The sympathy that we have for Macbeth changes greatly as the play progresses. This is due mainly to the role that the other characters, mainly Lady Macbeth, play in influencing his thoughts and decisions. In some cases he seems powerless to stop a chain of events, like the witches prophecies, and at other times just to weak to resist the evil temptations. In this essay I will determine how and why our sympathy forRead More Shakespeares Macbeth - Creating Sympathy for Macbeth Essay example804 Words   |  4 PagesCreating Sympathy for Macbeth  Ã‚        Ã‚   The dark aura surrounding Shakespeares Macbeth is well deserved, as is the darkness shrouding its title character. Although Macbeth is certainly a villainous, evil man based solely on his actions, a fuller examination of his characters portrayal leads to a more sympathetic view of him. The play does not portray Macbeth simply as a cold-blooded murderer, but rather as a tortured soul attempting to deal with the atrocities surrounding him.    BeforeRead More Macbeth Does Not Deserve Our Sympathy Essay1757 Words   |  8 PagesMacbeth  Does Not Deserve Our Sympathy    Our first impressions of Macbeth are that he is a hero, he is brave and fearless, and although we get this impression we also get the feeling that he is ruthless. We get this impression from the way he is referred to when his name is first mentioned. Macbeth has just been in battle against The merciless Macdonwald and a Captain is talking about how Macbeth and his fellow Captain, Banquo, performed in battle. While Macbeth is in battle the Thane of CawdorRead MoreAudiences Sympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play3064 Words   |  13 PagesAudiences Sympathy for Macbeth in William Shakespeares Play Macbeth was written during the reign of Queen Elizabeth the First, a period in history when people’s beliefs in their world were changing. People believed strongly in the Divine Right of Kings and that Regicide was an act against God’s will, making it an unforgivable sin. The worship of God was also incredibly important and people would be fined for not attending church on a Sunday and the priest would be the Read MoreHow Does Shakespeare Retain a Degree of Sympathy for Macbeth833 Words   |  4 Pagesretain a degree of sympathy for Macbeth through to the end of the play? â€Å"Not in the legions Of horrid hell can come a devil more damn’d In Evils to top Macbeth† If a play is to function as a tragedy, we, the audience, should feel a certain degree of sympathy for the protagonist through to the close of the play. In my opinion, however, Shakespeare fails to retain this in his timeless classic, â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth†. From the start of the play it is clear that Macbeth is a reckless warriorRead MoreHow Does Shakespeare Gain Audience Sympathy for Macbeth3757 Words   |  16 PagesHow does Shakespeare gain audience sympathy for Macbeth? In late 1905, Shakespeare’s Macbeth was performed for the first time in Hampton Court. At the time, King James I was in power, and it is widely believed that Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in order to flatter him, as the previous year The Gunpowder Plot had shown an attempt on his life. In the play, King Duncan gets murdered, which would have been quite disturbing for King James I to watch. By the end of the play however, King James I would haveRead MoreTo What Extent Do You Feel Sympathy for Lady Macbeth?2290 Words   |  10 Pagesfeel sympathy for Lady Macbeth? Refer to at least two scenes from the play in your answer. In the play â€Å"The Tragedy of Macbeth† written by William Shakespeare, we see a very complex character which is Lady Macbeth. Lady Macbeths character throughout the play changes as she experiences the misfortunes that are brought to Macbeth and herself. This essay will explore how we as an audience feel sympathy for Lady Macbeth throughout the play, and how this feeling changes as we watch Lady Macbeth. LadyRead MoreExplore the Ways in which Shakespeare Creates Dislike and Sympathy for Lady Macbeth in Act 1 and Act 5915 Words   |  4 PagesDuring Act 1, Scene 7, Shakespeare shows Lady Macbeth to be dominant and manipulative because Macbeth has decided on not to go through with plan of killing King Duncan which aggravates Lady Macbeth has she has so much hope and desire to be Queen, so decides to manipulate Macbeth by questioning his manliness and his courage one example of this is â€Å"Was the hope drunk, wherein you dressed yourself?† this doesn’t only make Lady Macbeth seem aggressive and demanding but it doesn’t fit in with the historicalRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Macbeth Vs. Othello1006 Words   |  5 PagesNadia Chilcoat Macbeth vs. Othello Period: â…š 12/12/2014 Macbeth vs. Othello Ancient Greeks believed that a tragic hero must be admirable but flawed, someone the audience can sympathize with, and someone capable of good and evil. The main character must also have a doctrine of free will, in which they are able to redeem themselves, but they continue to fall freely in a downward spiral from a position of superiority. The audience must also be able to

First Paper “The House on Mango Street” - 931 Words

First Paper: â€Å"The House on Mango Street† In The House of Mango Street, Sandra Cisneros depicts the character of Esperanza as a coming-of-age female who dreams about having a house of her own. The house will bring for her the personal and family stability that she needs; as evidenced by the way the author uses the house to represent Esperanza’s search for what she wants to be as an artist and as a woman. This is significant because it speaks about how people may use their imagination as a means to reinvent themselves. Socially speaking, the concept of property is related to the possession of tangible and intangible things by an individual or a particular group. This idea of property brings benefits for some people: it gives the feeling†¦show more content†¦4). Nevertheless, being accepted in society is a fundamental part of the growing process of any person. In that regard, finding an identity—understood as a set of characteristics that distinguish a person in a particular group—is a critical part of this process. For Esperanza, the house will allow her to have at least the necessary stability that she needs to go out and face important issues, such as making friends and getting accustomed to a new neighborhood. It is interesting to underline how, intentionally, the author does not give a concrete description of the main character: there is no name, age or physical description of her, except for the fact that the she refers to herself as â€Å"me.† This condition may denote Esperanza’s struggle trying to adapt herself to a new community, as the character acknowledges that she does not know who she is; neither knows what place in the world she owns yet; nor what role in her life she wants to play. In addition, the author uses the description of a run-down house—hat makes Esperanza feel ashamed— as a means to portray and reinforce the idea of a character whose personality is still underdeveloped and in the search for her own way to expressShow MoreRelatedThe House On Mango Street Analysis1145 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel The House on Mango Street portrays the struggle of a young Latina girl from a bad neighborhood who is trying to have a better life. From the beginning, it is evident that the dreams of this young girl are to be independent, become a writer, and have a home of her own. To begin with, the author makes it clear from the start that Esperanza, the young Latina girl, is a big dreamer who wishes to be independent. Throughout the book, it is clear how much she talks about leaving Mango street and beingRead MoreHouse On Mango Street Reflection942 Words   |  4 Pagesdidn’t belong to you? In The House on Mango Street, this is how the main character, Esperanza, felt. The author, Sandra Cisneros, did a good job in portraying a girl who couldn’t find her place. She had a problem accepting where she was from, The House on Mango Street is heartfelt novel and is great to pass the time. In this story, you will be shown the lives of Esperanza, her sister Nenny, their two best friends Rachel and Lucy, and the many people who lived on Mango Street. This book is about a girlRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Analysis912 Words   |  4 PagesEsperanza. You will always be Mango Street. You cant erase what you know. You cant forget who you are† (105). No matter what, Esperanza’s experiences on Mango Street have become a part of her and she cannot change it. In the novella, The House on Mango Street, written by Sandra Cisneros, the author introduces Esperanza, a resident of Mango Street, who constantly dreams of becoming an independent woman with a house of her own ideals. As she and her family purchase a house and become a newcomer intoRead MoreThe American Dream in The House On Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros1511 Words   |  7 Pageseverybody has one, it can be from living in a large house and having a million dollars to just having the privilege to live in America and try to make something better for themselves in this new life or new start they are trying to grasp. There are many traditions and dreams of every American today while some dreams are practical and some are not and most of all their dreams are from the heart. The American dream is really simple--it consists of a house a job a car three kids and one dog but this is notRead MorePowerlessness In Sandra Cisneross The House On Mango Street846 Words   |  4 Pagesestablishes that many young girls within the Hispanic culture represented in The House on Mango Street are forced into roles they do not wish to take, resulting in a loss of identity and ultimately, a sense of powerlessness in the girl without anyone to show her how to be powerful. When Esperanza experiences awful situations somewhere she has happy childhood memories, it begins the loss of her childhood identity. Esperanza first sees Sally experiencing the loss of her childhood identity and although itRead More Comparing Women in Raisin In the Sun, House On Mango Street, and Yellow Raft1510 Words   |  7 PagesRoles of Women in A Raisin In the Sun, The House On Mango Street, and A Yellow Raft In Blue Water      Ã‚  Ã‚   A Raisin In the Sun, The House On Mango Street, and A Yellow Raft In Blue Water all contain strong, defined images of women. These women control and are controlled. They are oppressed and liberated. Standing tall, they are confident and independent. Hunched low, they are vulnerable and insecure. They are grandmothers, aunts, mothers, wives, lovers, friends, sisters and children. AlthoughRead MoreSexism In The House On Mango Street By Sandra Cisneros1141 Words   |  5 PagesSexism is a challenge almost all women face. In a way, sexism can be beneficial because it can motivate women to defy societys standards and anything holding them back. However, in The House on Mango Street, author Sandra Cisneros, shows both sides of sexism, and how it can motivate women. Sexism can also make women give up and not accomplish anything. While Cisneros has the protagonist fight off sexism, Esperanza runs into many cases of sexism where the women just give up. Similarly, with The HelpRe ad MoreEssay on House On Mango Street1074 Words   |  5 Pages Women’s Escape into Misery Women’s need for male support and their husband’s constant degradation of them was a recurring theme in the book House on Mango Street. Many of Esperanza’s stories were about women’s dreams of marrying, the perfect husband and having the perfect family and home. Sally, Rafaela, and Minerva are women who gave me the impression of [damsel’s in distress].CLICHamp;Eacute;, it’s ok though. It’s relevant They wished for a man to sweep them of their feet and rescue them fromRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Analysis1069 Words   |  5 PagesThe novel, The House on Mango Street, focuses on a young girl who strives to figure out her identity. She continuosly struggles to find her confidence, along with who she is. People tend to struggle with self-acceptance due to society. Society analyzes each person and dissects every one of their flaws, making them want to change themselves to fit expectations. Moving to her new home, Esperanza began to spend all of her time embarrassed. She was ashamed of her new home, and also uncomfortableRead MoreThe House on Mango Street - Characterization Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesEsperanza: the Person Behind the Print In The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, a little girl from a Latino heritage is given birth to. Not literally, but in the sense of characterization. Esperanza is a fictional character made up by Cisneros to bring about sensitive, alert, and rich literature. She is the protagonist in the novel and is used to depict a female’s life growing up in the Latino section of Chicago. Cisneros creates the illusion that Esperanza is a real human being to communicate

The Success of Thomas Hardys Novel The Return of the...

The Success of Thomas Hardys Novel The Return of the Native as a Tragedy On the first chapter of this novel Egdon Heath is presented as an untameable force unmoved during so many centuries, through the crisis of so many things, that it could only be imagined to await one last crisis - the final overthrow. Thus, from the very beginning of the novel we can expect an outcome of tragic possibilities. Similarly to ancient Greek tragedies, the action in The Return of the Native takes place during a restricted period of time. Usually, in Greek tragedies the plot developed within 24 hours, while Hardy limits himself to the space of 5 books, which represents an exact time of 1 year and a day. Although the novel extends to a 6th†¦show more content†¦We know Thomasin and Eustacia went to some parish church to get married, but the name of the place is not known, while Venn disappears and no one knows of his whereabouts. Regarding the characters themselves, we dont know exactly who the tragic hero is. We know for certain that Clym is the native who has returned to his homeland and he does suffer the outcome of the tragic adversities within the novel. But, what about Eustacia? She could easily be the tragic heroine as she is punished even harder with death, meeting a disastrous end. Eustacia also seems fit for the role of heroine since a whole chapter in the book is solely devoted to the introduction and description of her character, something that Hardy doesnt do with any of the other characters. Conventionally, in Greek and Shakespearian tragedy the protagonist was someone of importance, usually a king or a member of the royal family. Contradictorily, neither Eustacia nor Clym were important persons. However, in terms of society, within Egdon Heath, they were respectable and important people. The locals looked up to them. Clym was a successful, literate man who had just come from France and his mother seemed to have some level of prestige within the community. As for Eustacia, she was even closer the Greek perception of majesty as she is described as a goddess and a divinity, and alsoShow MoreRelatedResearch Paper on Thomas Hardy1908 Words   |  8 PagesThe theme of tragedy is often discussed in terms of this book. Fascinated by Greek tragedy, Hardy uses tragic circumstances to enhance the Wessex countryside and its inhabitants. By doing so he not only develops his story, but attains a certain grandeur for his novel. His first attempts at tragedy were The Return of the Native and The Mayor of Casterbridge, but Tess of the dUrbervilles is the culmination of his efforts. In this work, Hardy projects ancient drama into modern novel form. To accomplishRead MoreThomas Hardy Poems160 83 Words   |  65 Pagesassassin, hence being slain. Line 12, time is personified as a gambler who throws a â€Å"moan† as he is throwing the dice in an attempt for it to land on happiness. The persona challenges god fiercely in an outraged tone, a sad tone is being detected in hardy’s witting because god is such a powerful being that rains down misfortunes on humans, so he targets his anger towards the deity. He is frustrated in the last stanza thus resulting in him regarding the occurrences in nature as merely chance. The audienceRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagessuggestions that may prove helpful. PLOT The Elements of Plot When we refer to the plot of a work of fiction, then, we are referring to the deliberately arranged sequence of interrelated events that constitute the basic narrative structure of a novel or a short story. Events of any kind, of course, inevitably involve people, and for this reason it is virtually impossible to discuss plot in isolation from character. Character and plot are, in fact, intimately and reciprocally related, especiallyRead MoreIndian English Novel17483 Words   |  70 PagesEnglish novel evolved as a subaltern consciousness; as a reaction to break away from the colonial literature. Hence the post colonial literature in India witnessed a revolution against the idiom which the colonial writers followed. Gradually the Indian English authors began employing the techniques of hybrid language, magic realism peppered with native themes. Thus from a post colonial era Indian literature ushered into the modern and then the post-modern era. The saga of the Indian English novel t herefore

Why Study Humanities Free Essays

Humanities are the way of studying the human body using analytical, critical and speculative means, a human centered inquiry. It started out during the Renaissance who after reading Greek and Roman scriptures, the humanists wanted to revive human-centered thinking. Humanities should be studied because they can help develop leadership and problem solving skills that require imagination. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Study Humanities or any similar topic only for you Order Now They also give men and women arouse creativity to reform the way they think. We should study Humanities because; humanities instill in us uncertainty, doubt and ignorance that can be used when confronted with global tensions and politics. By studying the writings of the ancient civilizations and cultures stimulate the passion to do well in the world. It brings the development in problem solving and increase brainpower to solve problems like diplomacy, scientific successes. The leadership and problem solving skills from fixing global warming and create a community that is peaceful because of the deeper understanding of others. Studying humanities will help people develop skills that will help later in life like politics. By studying humanities, many men and women have changed the way others thought about subjects. The study of humanities in the 17th century resulted in people believing that science can exist and the right to question things against the Church. In the 18th century, it created revolutions because of the thoughts of liberty and equality. By studying humanities you can learn from what people did in the past that can help you make the world or your community better for everyone. Studying humanities will help a person decide for themselves what is good or bad, what is the meaning of beautiful and what is love? These questions cannot have a definite answer, however it gives you the opportunity to ponder on the meaning of the questions and think on your own. We study humanities to have a look at how cultures in the past express themselves by looking into art history and music history as both art and music have existed for a long time. To see and listen to the stories from the past that has not been told in years an example would be the creation of folklore. It is studied because it brings ethnic groups together and a flourishing empathy towards others that is necessary to resolve many problems. It helps make us better thinkers because of the thinking process each person learns to go through and what they learn during the process of solving a problem and the idea of reasonable doubt. Humanities are studied for a variety of reasons other than those that are listed above. How to cite Why Study Humanities, Essay examples Why Study Humanities Free Essays Allison Humanities-?is a study of human culture with a great emphasis of history and art; further broken down into disciplines as music, performing art, theatre, religion, and languages. It is a study of what people have created and accomplished over a vast period of time. Nowhere in the definition of humanities have I seen science or medicine as sub study to humanities; maybe because science existed before human beings, but they were privileged to uncover and reveal to the rest of the World the new scientific laws. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Study Humanities or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, studying Humanities I would consider science piece as well, because it is also another significant achievement of the intelligent species. Traveling is one of my favorite types of vacation. Every year I try to visit a different country or two. Summer of 2014 was packed with lots of new experiences, mixed emotions, new knowledge, and of course new perspectives of different cultures. This summer I had an opportunity to travel to Israel. There I visited places like Dead Sea, Red Sea, Tell Aviva, Cashed and Mediterranean Sea, drove through two historically important deserts, the Judea Desert and The Desert of Engel, and of course Jerusalem, the city most desired and finally visited and explored. Jerusalem, especially the Old City is a heritage of three different religions and a multitude of different nations. The place that I wanted to visit the most was the Church of the Holy Sepulcher, place that commemorates the hill where Jesus Christ was crucified and His tomb where He was buried. This site is controlled by The Greek Orthodox Church, but people from many different religious backgrounds visit the church. What I found absolutely amusing is that there are no descriptions inside the church of the exhibits. Only during my second visit to the church I realized that Goliath (the hill of crucifixion) was located inside the church. When I inquired about the reason why there are no descriptions, I was told that guides from different religious backgrounds are telling their own story from their religious perspective, and give the exhibit their own cultural name. Another place that I totally fell in love with was The Mount of Olives. It is located outside of the Old City of Jerusalem. The Jewish tradition says that Jesus’ second coming will be on The Mount of Olives and the resurrection of the dead will occur at that time, thus many Jews want to be buried on the mountain. From the top mountain the view to the humongous cemetery opens up that is a result of the traditional belief. Muslim heritage also believe that Jesus will return to The Mount of Olives and have buried there their best soldiers who would stop Jesus from coming when the resurrection of the dead occurs. The New Testament of the Bible also mentions The Mount of Olives as the place where Jesus cried for His people. Visiting Jerusalem was a dream off lifetime. I attempted to go there in 2004 for the How to cite Why Study Humanities, Papers

Business Market Hypothesis Functional Buckets

Question: Describe about the Business Market Hypothesis for Functional Buckets. Answer: The general areas of responsibility of a CFO can be divided into statutory and functional buckets mentioned below. The company chosen for understanding these responsibilities is Crown Resorts. Crown Resorts is listed in the Australian Stock Exchange with a current market capitalization of $ 9.5 bn. It has revenue of $ 3.5 bn and a profit of $ 450 mn for the year ended 30 June 2015. It is one of Australia largest entertainment groups with operations in Australia, UK, Asia and the US. It operates 3 properties in Sydney, Melbourne and Perth in Australia; 3 in Asia in Macau, Manila and one in London. Statutory role Under the statutory role, the role and responsibilities of a Chief Financial Officer (CFO) are governed by the stipulations in the Corporations Act of Australia. The roles and responsibilities are as below The CFO has to provide a good financial management pioneering role for the company. Hence he has to be suitably qualified and experienced to qualify as a Chief Finance Officer who is a Key Managerial Person (KMP) of the organization. Hence he has to have the knowledge of maintaining excellent financial management systems and processes. He should know how to interpret, analyze and present financial and related information to tackle problems He must endorse all financial data and information which is referred to the senior management of the company. He also has to certify the financial information given to statutory bodies, management groups and shareholders He has to endorse the business plan for the needs of the management and other needs Under Sec 295A of the Corporations Act, the CFO (along with CEO) has to declare that the financial statements of the company have been properly maintained as per Sec 296; such statements and the notes per Sec 195 (3) (b) in the financial report comply with the accounting standards set by Australian Accounting Standards Boards; the financials reflect a true and fair view of the affairs of the company as per Sec 297; other matters stipulated by regulations have been complied. Such declaration is in writing with the date, capacity and under the signature of the CFO. This responsibility is in line with statement b above. (Austlii.edu.au, 2016) In Crown Resorts Annual report for the year ended June 2015, Mr. Kenneth Barton the CFO of the company has specifically made these statements to the effect that the financial records have been maintained properly, the true and fair view reflection of the financial statements is complied with and for these there are adequate internal control procedures and risk management procedures which are operating well. In addition, the CFO has a role to play in developing the business plan of the company. In the case of Crown Resorts, the CFO has played a role to develop the next 4 year financial plan which is a major input for remuneration of senior executives of the company Functional Role The Functional role of CFO includes Raising money- This is required for effective working capital management and liquidity from the short term point of view. In the long term, the CFO has to raise money for important strategic objectives set by the Board of the company. This could be in debt or equity or a mix of both. Hence the optimum mix maintenance is also important so that the riskiness of the firm does not increase disproportionately. In Crown resorts, the company has a targeted spend of $ 645 mn for the completion of Crown Towers in Perth, Crown Sydney with a spend target of $ 2 bn, purchase of a new luxury hotel in Melbourne for $ 50 mn and entering into new areas like online gaming and wagering business. Kenneth, the CFO is responsible for raising this quantum which in Melbourne and Perth alone is $ 2.8 bn. In addition, working capital management is a key function which the CFO has to perform on an everyday basis. In the Capital expenditure Commitments for Crown resorts, there is an estimated spend of $ 314 mn for the next one year and an estimated spend of $ 96 mn payable after one year but before 5 years. This gives an indication of how the CFO has to plan for raising these resources keeping in mind the timing, the pricing, the expectations of the various stakeholders Allocation of money and risk management this is an important function of the CFO who is responsible for capital budgeting in sync with project planning. As mentioned earlier, the spend of $ 2.8 bn in 2 cities in Australia is a long term project spread across FY 11 to FY 18, a 7 year period. The CFO has to ensure that the funds are available at requirement. This is coupled with another important responsibility that project do not have overruns which will in turn lead to deficits, incomplete project , escalations in cost and financial indiscipline. This has to be answered to the shareholders. In addition, various economic risk management measures have to be taken by Crown resorts which in turn are the primary responsibility of the CFO. The Company has investments in various listed and unlisted shares in which surplus money is parked. The CFO has to manage the risk of these $ 3 mn investments on an everyday basis. He is also responsible for credit risk where the company is exposed to potential default risk of the counterparty. The CFO has invested money in investment grade instruments alone thereby minimizing the risk. Receivables of the company from customers have been derisked by undertaking appropriate credit risk assessment procedures under the leadership of Mr. Kenneth CFO. Since the company has to maintain a delicate balance of continuous funding for the huge capex plans coupled with a flexible cash management policy, the CFO has arranged committed bank lines of $ 190 mn and capital market debt to meet the financial commitments with a cushion of undrawn limits of $15 00 mn from the banks when the need arises. Thus he has managed to plan for a long drawn fund requirement on time. Understanding of shareholder requirements of economic return The owners of the company is the shareholders and hence expects return for their equity investment. Since the securities are traded in a stock exchange and equity is raised in capital markets, a CFO needs to have a good understanding of capital markets. This also includes balancing the return expectation of the shareholders and the retention of money for growth in the company. This will in turn translate into a dividend policy and an earnings achievement tradeoff. In Crown Resorts, the CFO in consultation with the Board has developed a consistent dividend policy. In the year 2015, the company has paid interim and final dividend aggregating to 37 cents per share translating into a payout of $ 270 mn. The share price of the company has also shown a doubling effect from $ 7.77 in 30 June 2011 to $ 15.12 at 30 June 2015 due to growth and efficient financial management (Managementstudyguide.com, 2016) If the efficient market hypothesis is true, then the fund manager and select the portfolio with a pin. This statement is not true in the strictest sense. Let us start with analyzing what is efficient market hypothesis. The EMH states that it is not possible to generate superior returns or alpha in the market since the market always reflects all information at any instance of tie. In short, it says that it is always impossible to beat the market because the market is so efficient in absorbing and reflecting all information. Thus it sees that as per the EH, stock will always be pried at fair value without any possibility of identifying and investing in undervalued stocks or selling stocks at higher prices. Thus stock selection and timing have no meaning in the EMH theory and the only way to make money is through increasing risk. Thus EMH reduces the stock market investments into a mechanical exercise where everyone earns the same return irrespective of his stock selection. This is not possible nor is it visible in the real world where fund managers through their analysis and experience are able to generate alphas without increasing risk. As per EMH, increased risk will provide a probability to generate increased return. If that was the case, there would not be a Warren Buffet who consistently beats the SP index return through his discipline of stock selection and investments across time horizons. In addition, as a counter to EMH theory, there should not have been events like 1987 stock crash when the DOW fell by 20% in a single day or the recession linked collapse of Lehman Brothers, Bear Sterns, and AIG etc who became bankrupt due to risky investments. These risky investments should have generated higher returns and not led to a collapse of these firms. (Anon, 2016) The proponents on the EMH theory believe that due to randomness and perfect competition in the world, there is a cap on the return of the investors and they may be better off settling for mediocre returns. To an extent, this is evident as well since a substantial majority of the investors are not able to generate the alphas. But this is a shortcoming of the investor methods and discipline since there are some who are able to achieve alphas consistently. (Econlib.org, 2016) The responsibilities of a fund manager include generating maximum return with minimum risk. Risk can be minimized by diversification. However, maintaining diversification to minimize risk may not be in sync with maximizing returns. Risk diversification also does not mean that the stocks in the portfolio can be chosen by throwing darts and choosing them with thought or analysis. This is because in the market, there are defensive stocks with low beta and elastic stocks with high and hyper beta. In case stocks are chosen without proper consideration to the industry in which they fall or without understanding of their dynamics, the aim of diversification and minimizing risk may not happen. It will become a dumb exercise with a possibility of increased risk. This will also have an impact on the return. On the other hand, if the return becomes the sole objective, then disproportionate funds will have little high return stock thereby increasing risk disproportionately. A fund manager has to remember that risk and return optimization is the objective and hence choosing one over the other or creating an imbalance in either is not going to help achieve the objectives (Investopedia, 2003) References Anon, (2016). [online] Available at: https://www.morningstar.com/.../efficient_market_hypothesis_definition_what_is.aspx [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Austlii.edu.au. (2016).CORPORATIONS ACT 2001 - SECT 295ADeclaration in relation to listed entity's financial statements by chief executive officer and chief financial officer. [online] Available at: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s295a.html [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Econlib.org. (2016).Efficient Capital Markets: The Concise Encyclopedia of Economics | Library of Economics and Liberty. [online] Available at: https://www.econlib.org/library/Enc/EfficientCapitalMarkets.html [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Investopedia. (2003).Efficient Market Hypothesis - EMH. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficientmarkethypothesis.asp [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Managementstudyguide.com. (2016).Role of a Financial Manager. [online] Available at: https://www.managementstudyguide.com/role-of-financial-manager.htm [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016]. Yahoo! Finance. (2016).Crown Resorts Limited. [online] Available at: https://in.finance.yahoo.com/q?s=CWN.AX [Accessed 19 Sep. 2016].

Moral Rights Model Nike free essay sample

The topic of this essay would be the ethical dilemma faced by the manager of the sports apparel chain on the use of Nike merchandise based on the news of intimidation of workers using armed soldiers. (Roberts 2013) The factory in Indonesia is intimidating workers with military presence to sign a minimum wage exemption. The course of action that will be taken on the topic will be to use the Moral rights model (Waddell, Jones and George 2011, 184) over come this issue. I will cover the aspects of the Moral rights model in contrast with the Nike code of conduct and the implications to the sports apparel chain’s Nike merchandise. Firstly the three various models to determine if a decision is ethical are Utilitarian, Moral Rights and Justice model. (Waddell, Jones and George 2011, 184) These models would be discussed in relation to the case at hand and narrowed down to a specific model. We will write a custom essay sample on Moral Rights Model Nike or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The discussion of ethical decision-making that can be argued is rooted in us based our understanding of it, which is supported by Korsgaard (2012, 182) as rational beings we act in representations or conceptions of laws. Secondly the premise on which the moral rights model is based on will be dissected and analysed. People have the freedom to do with their lives as they wish which is supported by Velasquez et al. (1996, 2) What makes humans different from mere things is the dignity based on the ability to choose freely. The Moral rights model sets out to protect the people affected by it based on ethical decision making however Langlois (2002, 479) argues that human rights means different things to different people. Thirdly Nike’s code of conduct that is in alignment with the Moral rights model and states Freedom, Compensation and Healthy work environment (Nike Inc 2010) are to be abided with. The â€Å"Fair Trade† label requires a more collective implementation is required according to Low and Davenport (2009, 97). Leslie (2007, 52) states that leaders should embrace fair trade. The discussions of the above fields would lead to the conclusion. Reiterating the point of the Moral rights model and how it addresses the situation of the Nike merchandise. The summary of the main points; firstly being the discussion between the 3 various models and their roles in this case. Identifying the main model of moral rights and arguing its views and its application to the case. Lastly Nike’s conduct and the Fair Trade outline will be fitted in along with the business stakeholders. It brings me to the conclusion that a temporary suspension of the Nike products till the issue is resolved.

Business Law Essay Sample

Business Law Essay SampleWhen writing your own business law essay, there are numerous Law School essay sample programs out there to choose from. By researching different essay writing services, you can find the best available service for your needs. However, it is important to remember that the essay samples you receive may not be the very best.In order to get the most out of your essay, it is important to choose an essay writing service with a long history of writing for lawyers. An experienced writer will have worked in the legal field in one capacity or another and this knowledge is invaluable. If you get your essay samples from a specialist, you may have a great starting point to make changes or even improve on the topics you selected. There are many business law essay samples available and all will work well if they are formatted correctly.It is worth choosing your essay writers carefully as you will need to decide if you will use an individual or a company. The company writing your essay sample will be more likely to adapt their approach if they have done so in the past. In many cases, writing for a solicitor will be much easier than writing for an individual. You should therefore research a few companies to see which ones offer professional essays and which one offers student essays.A student essay is for students who are considering going into business, although it can also be used by experienced professionals. It is therefore vital that your essays reflect their work style, personality and experience. If you choose the right company for your business law essay sample, it may well help you land the job!To begin, it is worth asking around and seeing which company is offering the best service for your project. Do they provide you with samples of specific types of essays? The more information you can get, the more likely you are to get the best results.When you find the right essay writing company, it is also worth asking for a job description. This will h elp you with the budget and planning stages of your business law essay and will give you an idea of what is expected of you.By following these tips, you will ensure that your business law essay samples will be perfect for you will get your article published on the best sites. The more preparation you do beforehand, the better prepared you will be to write a winning essay.

TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADING PAGE NUMBER 1. Table Of Contents 1 2. Table

TABLE OF CONTENTS HEADING PAGE NUMBER 1. Table of Contents 1 2. Table of Illustrations 2 3. Introduction 3 4. Body of work 4 to 8 5. Conclusion 9 6. Illustrations 10 to 12 7. Bibliography 13 8. Glossary 14 to 16 9. Index 17 to 19 TABLE OF ILLUSTRATIONS HEADING PAGE NUMBER 1. Inside the Head 10 2. Inside the Brain 11 3. Areas and Jobs 12 INTRODUCTION NOTE: All words in bold print will be found in the glossary. The human body is divided into many different parts called organs. All of the parts are controlled by an organ called the brain, which is located in the head. The brain weighs about 2.75 pounds, and has a whitish-pink appearance. The brain is made up of many cells, and is the control ce ntre of the body. The brain flashes messages out to all the other parts of the body. The messages travel in very fine threads called nerves. The nerves and the brain make up a system somewhat like telephone poles carrying wires across the city. This is called the nervous system. The nerves in the body don't just send messages from the brain to the organs, but also send messages from the eyes, ears, skin and other organs back to your brain. Some nerves are linked directly to the brain. Others have to reach the brain through a sort of power line down the back, called the spinal cord. The brain and spinal cord make up the central nervous system. The brain doesn't just control your organs, but also can think and remember. That part of the brain is called the mind. PROTECTING THE BRAIN Twenty-eight bones make up the skull. Eight of these bones are interlocking plates. These plates form the cranium. The cranium provides maximum protection with minimum weight, the ideal com bination. The other twenty bones make up the face, jaw and other parts of the skull. Another way the brain keeps it self safe is by keeping itself in liquid. Nearly one fifth of the blood pumped by the heart is sent to the brain. The brain then sends the blood through an intricate network of blood vessels to where the blood is needed. Specialized blood vessels called choroid plexuses produce a protective cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid is what the brain literally floats in. A third protective measure taken by the brain is called the blood brain barrier. This barrier consists of a network of unique capillaries. These capillaries are filters for harmful chemicals carried by the blood, but do allow oxygen, water and glucose to enter the brain. THE DIFFERENT SECTIONS OF THE BRAIN The brain is divided into three main sections. The area at the front of the brain is the largest. Most of it is known as the cerebrum. It controls all of the movements that you have to think about, thought and memory. The cerebrum is split in two different sections, the right half and the left half. The outer layer of the cerebrum is called the cortex. It is mainly made up of cell bodies of neurons called grey matter. Most of the work the brain does is done in the cortex. It is very wrinkled and has many folds. The wrinkles and folds give the cortex a large surface area, even though it is squeezed up to fit in the skull. The extra surface area gives the cerebrum more area to work. Inside the cortex, the cerebrum is largely made up of white matter. White matter is tissue made only of nerve fibres. The middle region is deep inside the brain. It's chief purpose is to connect the front and the back of the brain together. It acts as a "switchboard", keeping the parts of your brain in touch with each other. The back area of the brain is divided into three different parts. The pons is a band of nerve fibres which link the back of the brain to the middle. The cerebellum sees to it that a ll the parts of your body work as a team. It also makes sure you keep your balance. The medulla is low down at the back of your head. It links the

How to write a job specification - Emphasis

How to write a job specification How to write a job specification Its the start of the new year and the UK is sitting on a glut of unwanted Christmas presents. Matching present to person is seldom an easy task. It takes time and effort. But in the run up to Christmas, many people will have taken a wild stab in the dark; picking up something passable from a department store and hoping for the best. Little wonder then that the bill for unwanted gifts is an estimated 700 million (according to recent research by eBay and market-research firm TNS). When it comes to choosing a new recruit, no HR professional would ever use this haphazard approach. But sometimes you can outline exactly what you want in a job specification and still end up with the equivalent of a naff jumper. Communicating with prospective candidates is not a perfect science. But its disheartening to trawl through CVs or application forms that bear little relation to the qualities that you carefully described. Not to mention a waste of time and money. In such a situation, the problem is that somewhere along the line, what the hirer meant was lost in translation. And even though they may have received some spot-on applications, theyll be unable to shake the feeling that theyve lost the opportunity to find the largest pool of talented individuals. If thats ever happened to you, the good news is that learning some writing skills techniques can help you to be as clear and concise as possible increasing your chances of finding the ideal people for your positions. So here are my seven tips for writing winning job specifications that will resonate with job hunters. One Examine why you need the role to start with. To do this you can brainstorm using the headings who?, what?, where?, when?, and why? Make sure that the role fits your departmental processes and that you are not empire building. And be realistic about the nature of the role. Whether the role is temporary or permanent, you need to understand the commitment of either structure to the organisation. Two Before you begin writing the job spec, focus your thoughts on the job hunter. Avoid a one-size-fits-all approach by asking yourself: Who will read it? How much do they already know about the prospective job? What do they absolutely need to know? What will excite my ideal candidate? What response do I want from them? Then write a clear description of duties and include the key deliverables. Whether its a junior or senior role, use language that the level of applicant you want to attract will understand even if this includes jargon. But avoid management speak at all costs. Three Be honest about the duties of the role. In most situations, candidates will appreciate your candour about the level of energy required. And it will help you find someone with the right level of drive that the role requires. Four Write a summary of your company and department. And include an organisation chart defining where the position sits. It also helps to provide some background information explaining why the role has been created and how it will integrate into the organisation. Five Outline both the hard and soft skills and experience required to make the role a success. Make your writing reader-centred by using words such as you, we and us. Opt for verbs instead of nouns. For example, instead of Were looking for a hardworking consultant for the completion of an IT project write Were looking for a hardworking consultant to complete an IT project. And choose simple words over more complicated ones. Its better to say you want someone enthusiastic (or even keen) rather than someone ebullient. Six Clearly define the location, salary, benefits, duration of contract (if necessary) and start date. And make sure you account for statutory requirements, such as procurement or legal terms and conditions. Seven Finally, ensure your contact details are included and end with a call to action. Something simple such as, If this sounds like you, call the human resources department now will encourage candidates to take action. Remember to keep your focus on your ideal candidate throughout the writing process, and youll increase the chances of securing the perfect match. Robert Ashton is Chief Executive of Emphasis.

Social Networking and SME's Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Social Networking and SME's - Literature review Example For a Small and Medium Enterprise (SME), that could mean their entire business. That buying process usually starts with the consumer searching for a product or a service either through any of the existing search engines or by asking for recommendations from friends. Once there is a shortlist, the consumer will make a more detailed investigation by checking the company website, looking for reviews, and, more importantly, asking friends about the products or services (Filoux, 2010). In every step of this process, social networking is front and centre regardless if the product or service is retail or Business-to-Business (B2B). Contrary to popular belief, social networking is not synonymous to sites like Facebook, Twitter and Google+. Social networking involves all channels, venues, platforms, applications, and websites that allow consumers or users to directly interact with other users either actively or passively. Social networking is a relatively new but powerful economy. In the UK a lone, the International Telecommunications Union or UTI (2010) estimates that there is a total of 51,442,100 internet users as of June2010, 10 million more than the estimate of the Office for National Statistics Office. That accounts for 82.5 per cent of the population. Of this, Nielsen (2008) states that 97 per cent has shopped online. The Office for National Statistics Office (2011) estimates that there are 66 per cent of all users bought products and paid for services online. Comscore (2011) also states that UK internet users are the most involved as they spend the most time online and 73 per cent rely on social media for everything they do including shopping according to InSites Consulting, a research firm, in their 2011 study. The message is clear. Consumers are online and highly reliant on social media. It presents itself as a tool and a venue for small businesses to establish and expand their business. However, it is natural for a glamourized medium as social media to be pict ured as the be-all and end-all of sales and marketing. This paper will examine how exactly SMEs can utilize social networking to grow their business. It’s a Stimulant Not a Purchase Fulfilment Row Perfect is a cardio exercise machine that simulates rowing. They used to do trade shows and retail selling. They are now selling purely online and are more successful doing so. The strategy is simple, they use tweetdeck to scan for mentions of products and brands similar to theirs. They directly tweet the people looking to check out a similar product. That was it. They simply used social media to make other people aware of their product. No special offers, no discounts are offered. They are able to swing customer that are going to buy the product of their competitors and they do these several times a week. The fundamental thing to remember is that they have a superior product and that all they needed was to connect their product to a customer, a first move, a pick-up line and that i s what social media provided them. Heather Bestel is another case in point. Bestel is the creator of Magical Meditations 4 Kids, a children’s book that helps children relax and sleep easier. Aside from the UK, she has also marketed her product to the U.S. and Canada. Sales have been steady but not enough for her to make a living off her product (Wakeman, 2011). She decided to embrace social media and she landed a publishing deal that launched her CDs in UK and Europe in 2010 and eventually in other markets like US & Canada and Australia/New Zealand. She is also being offered to license her brand to develop items like toys and apparel. Her strategy was simple. She knew she had a great product and she simply needed the market to notice it so she connected with people that have high influence in the same industry she is in.

Marketing trend (Internet and online marketing) Assignment - 1

Marketing trend (Internet and online marketing) - Assignment Example Internet marketing reduces the overall marketing cost of a firm because a firm can utilize emailing as a marketing tool, which costs fairly lower than the direct mail (McCarthy, 2011). In addition, through e-marketing, a business can expect immediate impulsive response from its target market by them clicking on the website. In this manner, the message of the company reaches a large number of consumers in less time, as well as at low cost (Arnold, 2009). With regards to consumers, on the other hand, internet marketing reduces the cost of them going to the market to look for products. However, they can only do this if they have access to the internet (Jenkins, 2012). They also need various assets such as credit cards to purchase some goods over the internet. Internet or online marketing affects a business by providing it with a variety of advantages. It has turned into a power tool and organizations can use it to make their 24 hours presence throughout the world (Jenkins, 2012). Consumers also have the opportunity of shopping online, and inquire on the services and products at any time. With regards to customers, it is easy for them to leave their queries and comments through email or the feedback form (McCarthy, 2011). The firm’s representatives can also answer the queries instantly or in a short time period. This opportunity has helped customers build up close association with companies and this expands business. Internet marketing has brought about a rise in market competition since it has become easy for many firms to advertise successfully online by taking advantage of the low budgets (McCarthy, 2011). It is essential that firms, prior to entering an online market, be well aware of the potential impacts of internet marketing, and they should plan their strategies to face the online marketing barriers before going online. According to research, a majority of consumers, 60%, show reluctance when it come to purchasing goods over the internet. They opt

Smoking and Urinary Bladder Carcinoma

Smoking and Urinary Bladder Carcinoma Abstract Method : Literature review Background : Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most prevalent tumors woldwide  and smoking is one of its major risk factor ,hence studying the relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is of great importance Results : Relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is not clear although recent studies has shown that it might be related to the VEGF , apoptosis , urinary ph and causes mutation in the DNA. There is equal risk between males and femlesin relation to urinary bladder carcinoma related smoking. Results have shown that the risk of smoking is more apparent in the current smokers than non smokers and water pipe smoking has a borderline risk. Conclusion: Smoking is a major risk factor in urinary bladder carcinoma with equal risk in males and females , cessation of smoking decreases the risk to almost normal keywords : Smoking, urinary bladder carcinoma , risk factor , pathogenesis Methodology literature review made by searching PubMed with following restrictions: 5 years , humans , free full article and English Background Urinary bladder carcinoma is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide, the seventh most common .In North America and Europe is considered the eleventh most common cancer (3), in Egypt it is the most common malignancy in males.(6) Therefore studying the risk factors for Urinary bladder carcinoma is important to decrease the prevalence and incidence, risk factors include Bilhariziasis, aniline dye. Smoking is considered one of the major risk factors for urinary bladder carcinoma . Results Although the exact relationship between smoking and urinary bladder carcinoma is still unclear, smoking is one of the major and important risk factors for developing of urinary bladder carcinoma. Tobacco smoking contain a lot of the carcinogenic agents like poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic amines, substances that are excreted by the kidney, known to be harmful to the urinary tract, and cause bladder cancer secondary to genetic damage. Studies have shown that smoking increases the risk to get bladder carcinoma by 6 times and it is responsible for 50 % of bladder carcinoma , it is more prevalent in developing countries due to the diffuse spread of this ugly habit, the easiness of getting it and the laxity of the governments to fight it . (3) After filtering of these carcinogenic gents through the urinary tract, it is stored into the urinary bladder which damages its lining epithelium and make transitional cell mutation. Tobacco smoking is considered as the initiator for the carcinogenesis. Many proteins are showen to be a part of the angiogenesis process in the developing of carcinoma likeP53 and VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) which showed to be the main one in this process by increasing the vascular permeability and inducing endothelial cell migration, So the VEGF helps in the progression of the cancer, studies have shown that the degree of severity of bladder carcinoma is directly related to degree of expression of the VEGF. (4) Studies have shown that apoptosis has higher effect in urinary bladder carcinoma related to smoking more than VEGF, apoptosis is mainly under control of P53 gene which is found to be highly mutated in urinary bladder carcinoma.(4) Cigarette smoking increases the acidity of urine which causes compounds like Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolite to be hydrolyzed, and this causes DNA damage and mutation .(1) A recent study has shown that urine ph is not a good indicator in ex_smokers or non smokers ,while urine ph is strongly related to bladder carcinoma in current smokers , experimentally not proven by studies yet that changing urine ph that decrease the hazardous affect of smoking related to bladder carcinoma (1) Studies showed that cigarette smoking increases the prevalence of urothelial carcinoma to 77% and sqamaeous cell carcinoma to 69% among men. Also those studies showed that the number of cigarettes smoked per day and risk of urothelial carcinoma, between years smoked and risk of urothelial carcinoma, and between pack-years and risk of urothelial carcinoma were observed. On the other hand former cigarette smokers have no relation between the number of cigarettes smoked per day and risk of urothelial carcinoma, between years smoked and risk of urothelial carcinoma, and between pack-years and risk of urothelial carcinoma. Researches have shown that those who are smoking water pipe have borderline relationship to the urothelial carcinoma but not with the sqamaseous cell carcinoma. There was no dose-relationship between risk of urothelial carcinoma and number of hagars smoked per day, duration of smoking, or Hagar-year. Patients who have schistosomiasis and smoke have no additional risk for urinary bladder carcinoma.(2) A study has been made in New England shown equal risk for urinary bladder carcinoma between men and woman. it also shown that pack per year and intensity of smoking have reached the plateau according to the risk but not the duration of smoking, this plateau has been observed in many cancer related smoking . Smoking for a longer time is more hazardous than heavy smoking for a shorter duration. An explanation for the observed plateau is the difference in inhalation pattern , meaning that if u inhaled less this means less exposure to carcinogens per cigarette and subsequently less damage . (5) Conclusion Scientists are still unclear about the precise pathogenesis of smoking related urinary bladder carcinoma but studies have shown that smoking increases the risk by 6 times and cause about that 50 % of all urinary bladder carcinoma with equal incidence of males and females . Studies shown that angiogenesis plays an important role in increasing the progression of urinary bladder carcinoma by the VEGF which increases the vascular permeability and induce endothelial cell damage. The degree of expression of the VEGF is strongly related to the degree of severity of the urinary bladder carcinoma. A lot of important compounds like Glucuronide conjugates of 4-aminobiphenyl and its N-hydroxy metabolite are hydrolyzed by the acidic urine of the smoker. Recent research showed a strong correlation between the urine ph and current smokers but there is no relation between the urine ph and the former cigarette smoker. A study showed that number of cigarette per day, duration of smoking and smoking index have a very high effect on the risk of urinary bladder carcinoma in current smokers but they have a lesser effect on the risk in the former smokers. On the other hand water pipe smokers have a borderline risk factor for urinary bladder carcinoma. There was no dose-relationship between risk of urothelial carcinoma and number of hagars smoked per day, duration of smoking, or Hagar-year. Longtime smoking is proved to be more dangerous than heavy smoking for shorter time in relation to urinary bladder carcinoma ,the pack per year and the interxity of smoking have reached a plateau in the risk possibly due to the differnce in the inhaltion patterns whereas the duration hasn;t reached a plateau. In case of duration the relationship is pretty simple and obvious, the longer u smoke ,the more likely hood to get cancer, and also justified longer smoking means longer periods of carcinogenic substances to take effect Recommendation for future research Studies has to made to detect the exact pathogenesis of smoking on urinary bladder carcinoma. Also research has to be made to explain the plateau observed in some research References 1) Urinary pH, cigarette smoking and bladder cancer risk 2) Cancer epidemiology ,biomarkers and prevention 3) Cause–effect? Understanding the risk factors associated with bladder cancer 4) Expressional evaluation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) protein in urinary bladder carcinoma patients exposed to cigarette smoke 5) A Case – Control Study of Smoking and Bladder Cancer Risk: Emergent Patterns Over Time 6) Incidence analyses of bladder cancer in the Nile delta region of Egypt